In music, an aria da capo or song of the head in English is a piece that is divided into three parts Essay Example For Students

In music, an aria da capo or melody of the head in English is a piece that is partitioned into three sections Essay In music, an aria da capo or melody of the head in English is a piece that is isolated into three sections. The initial segment is set in one state of mind or key, the second is set in a totally unique one, and the third is essentially a rehash maybe marginally modified of the main area. From the get-go in the twentieth century it was viewed as chic for dramatists to compose stories and plays around melodic structures. This propensity gave even political performance center an exceptional sort of elegance. This is the strategy which Edna St. Vincent Millay decided to utilize when she built her comedic parody Aria da Capo after the First World War. Three appears to the enchantment number in this play on the grounds that, not exclusively is the play expressed in three sections, it additionally speaks to three universes and utilizations three levels to impart its message. Ironical, emblematic, and shallow levels are completely utilized by St. Vincent Millay so as to unmistakably look out her message. St. Vincent Millay obtusely whacks the watcher over the head with the shallow layer of the play. Pierrot and Columbine live in an upscale condo and take part out of gear visit and getting a charge out of the delights of life. This small sparkling snapshot of foolish bliss and peaceful thoughts is bleakly hindered when the uproarious Dionysis demands that the play be gone over to him and his on-screen characters. Pierrot and Columbine hesitantly concur. Thyris and Cory then assume control over the phase in which they showcase the tale of two shepherds playing a game. Each shepherd gets half of the field and a divider isolates the two parts. The two on-screen characters have no props to call their own, so they should make due with what is accessible in front of an audience. During the play of the shepherds Columbine and Pierrot over and again intrude, overlooking the shepherds. In the long run, Cory and Thyris murder each other out of ravenousness and their bodies lie in the stage. Pierrot and Columbine at that point recover the phase to proceed with their play, just concealing the revolting survives from the past play behind a paper sheet. In the straightforward significance of the play, two individuals slaughter one another and nobody cares. *That, in it self, says something. St. Vincent Millay utilizes this layer of the plays profundity to just give a brief look at what the play holds inside its different layers. Parody trickles off of every last bit of the play. In a mind boggling way, St. Vincent Millay delicately taunts different thoughts recorded as a hard copy so as to help her satiric endeavors. A case of Millays utilization of unpretentious taunting of other incredible journalists is her parody on Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet with Pierrot proclaiming that one ought to swear on sheep instead of the moon since he can sink his tooth into lamb. Additionally with the character Pierrot, she takes the possibility of each man utilized by such writers as Ingmar Bergman and nails it to the divider for all to obviously observe. Pierrot frequently reports I am become㠢â‚ ¬Ã¢ ¦, each time completing the expression with an alternate occupation. He additionally guarantees that he is a donor, understudy, communist, and an ace entertainer. Through Pierrots each man, St. Vincent Millay accepts the open door to caricaturize every individual he becomes. Being a communist, he guarantees that he cherishes humankind, however abhors individuals. As a donor he asserts that he is one since he feels anxious, or is indiscriminate. In the matter of acting he guarantees that each of the one needs to turn into an incredible on-screen character is light hair and to be missing of instruction. Further playing on Pierrot, St. Vincent Millay utilizes his inclination to be so quick about adjusting his perspective joined with his pointless, conflicting discussions with Columbine to ridicule how shallow, narcissistic, and heartlessly incognizant in regards to the remainder of the world the high society can be. .u86ff493381959a4f6eeb25d244a4001d , .u86ff493381959a4f6eeb25d244a4001d .postImageUrl , .u86ff493381959a4f6eeb25d244a4001d .focused content region { min-tallness: 80px; position: relative; } .u86ff493381959a4f6eeb25d244a4001d , .u86ff493381959a4f6eeb25d244a4001d:hover , .u86ff493381959a4f6eeb25d244a4001d:visited , .u86ff493381959a4f6eeb25d244a4001d:active { border:0!important; } .u86ff493381959a4f6eeb25d244a4001d .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .u86ff493381959a4f6eeb25d244a4001d { show: square; change: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-change: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; obscurity: 1; change: darkness 250ms; webkit-progress: murkiness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .u86ff493381959a4f6eeb25d244a4001d:active , .u86ff493381959a4f6eeb25d244a4001d:hover { mistiness: 1; change: haziness 250ms; webkit-change: haziness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .u86ff493381959a4f6eeb25d244a4001d .focused content territory { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u86ff493381959a4f6eeb25d244a4001d .ctaText { outskirt base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: intense; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; text-enrichment: underline; } .u86ff493381959a4f6eeb25d244a4001d .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; text style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .u86ff493381959a4f6eeb25d244a4001d .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; fringe: none; outskirt range: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; text style weight: striking; line-stature: 26px; moz-outskirt sweep: 3px; text-adjust: focus; text-adornment: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-tallness: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/straightforward arrow.png)no-rehash; position: supreme; right: 0; top: 0; } .u86ff493381959a4f6eeb25d244a4001d:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .u86ff493381959a4f6ee b25d244a4001d .focused content { show: table; stature: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .u86ff493381959a4f6eeb25d244a4001d-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .u86ff493381959a4f6eeb25d244a4001d:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: The Progression of Music EssayThis is additionally appeared after the characters of Cory and Thyris murder each other in front of an audience and Columbine and Pierrot proceed with their play just as nothing has occurred. This is St. Vincent Millays reaction to the World War I. She states, through her parody, that the high society sat idle while their lower class partners were off murdering and being slaughtered over something that she saw as unimportant. She additionally takes assault on human insatiability with the two shepherds distraction with the hued stones. To considerably assist the point, St. Vincent Millay has bits of paper speak to stones as opposed to utilizing genuine stones to show how trivial the battle truly is. St. Vincent Millay intensely utilizes imagery to flaunt her point, particularly with characters. Each character speaks to one of three universes, or if nothing else a bit of one. Pierrot, who has been set up as mutilated each man, speaks to the universe of the rich and indiscreet. He spends the play participating in trivial discussion with Columbine, drinking wine, and attempting to draw Columbine into the room. Columbine, an image of how St. Vincent Millay saw ladies of the time as capricious, receptive, and free, additionally speaks to part of the universe of the rich. She spends the play posing void inquiries, for example, dont you love me, Pierrot? furthermore, is this your artichoke? Both these answers don't concern her at all since she will do likewise, notwithstanding the appropriate response. Both Pierrot and Columbine unendingly interfere with the shepherds play and fail to acknowledge that they are killing one another. They are excessively occupied in their own issues to pay heed or even consideration that their kindred people are butchering each other. Cory and Thyris speak to the universe of the center and lower classes. They likewise show the frivolity of war and its causes. The two shepherds, who start the play as best of companions, play a game where they manufacture a divider between them. They wind up killing each other on the grounds that they each understand different has something they need on his side of the divider. This is emblematic of how countries assemble dividers between one another for insignificant reasons and end up in war on the grounds that each needs everything on its own side of the divider. Dionysis, the least saw, yet most representative character in the play, speaks to a third and rather magical world. St. Vincent Millay, who composed during the hour of such creators as F. Scott Fitzgerald, utilized him to speak to a kind of good rot. As the shepherds, Cory and Thyris, incidentally float off from their game and become companions once more, Dionysis, in some cases furiously, slows down them on the way of pulverization. He, being the executive of the shepherds awful play, is the reason for their demises. He started their battle and furthermore gave the components of their annihilation: the stones and the toxin weed. Simultaneously as utilizing Dionysis as an image of good rot, St. Vincent Millay employs him as a weapon to try God, Fate, Destiny, or whatever she may have felt controlled the universe. Dionysis governed over the shepherds play and deliberately made its defeat. He deliberately made the shepherds go to intentionally and without hesitation, while simultaneously endeavoring continually to pull back consideration from what truly is happening in front of an audience. Constantly during the contention of Thyris and Cory, Dionysis strolls around the stage, pours wine, makes motions off stage, or endeavors to charm Columbine. Simply the way that he is increasingly intrigued by Columbine shows that he thinks about the two caught up with murdering one another and is out, rather, to support his own needs. That is what St. Vincent Millay is passing on her opinion of the all-powerful force. The divider is by a wide margin the most representative component of the play, however. It speaks to every one of that isolates individuals: ravenousness, narrow-mindedness, dread, and despise. It is in splendid shading and the remainder of the play is highly contrasting, carrying its complexity to its condition. Thi

Marks & Spencer Essay Example for Free

Imprints Spencer Essay Imprints Spencer, a British retailer of garments, food, home product and monetary administrations was begun in 1884, when Michael Marks (a Russian-brought into the world Polish outcast) opened a slow down at Leeds Kirkgate Market. Today Marks Spencer’s nearness can be found in excess of 40 nations over the world. A client can without much of a stretch shop for both food and garments all things considered of the outlets in the UK. Other than that Marks Spencer’s likewise conveys lines of 1) Identify and clarify the distinctive client needs of which the three MS attire ranges planned to serve? Expect that the Perfect and Classic reaches serve basically a similar client section. One item which will consistently sell paying little heed to the world’s monetary circumstance is garments. Garments are one of the most significant necessities and needs for an individual simultaneously. You should be dressed and yet you need to say something through your garments of your convictions, character and dispositions. Garments like pictures can say a mess all the more regarding an individual and leave a long early introduction as its the main thing you notice. Imprints Spencer’s comprehends this about individuals and has made itself one the most notable brands on the planet with a notoriety to go with the name. The notoriety develop is on the grounds that Mark’s Spencer’s make it a point to give to the necessities and desires for every one of its clients, who have a differing taste and inclination. There is something accessible for everybody. Let’s take three of Marks Spencer’s lines and recognize the various needs each line meant to fulfill. The principal line is ‘The Perfect Collection’ and ‘The Classic Collection’. This line plans to encourage those clients who are searching for something in vogue of value at a sensible label cost. This client carries on with a feverish life, consequently needs everything, straightforwardness, quality and worth bundled into one. This client could be profiled as a lady matured 22-30, as she’s going to class, working and taking care of household duties; she needs to glance great in something that is sans bother just as sensibly valued. The following line we’ll take a gander at is ‘The Autograph’, this line expects to connect those ladies who are searching for style, comfort and are eager to pay some extra for it. The line planned to give to a specialty of sorts. This line gave to its wearers class and the capacity to stand apart as a set number of things are accessible in the market and that excessively just at specific outlets. It lets these ladies feel uncommon and gives the earth of a boutique. As this line is made by a scope of planners, it is nothing not as much as architect wear. This lady is the business official who perceives reality in the way that garments make a man or for this situation a lady. They need their garments to explain ground-breaking, autonomous, rich and remarkable all simultaneously, which they do. As they are aware of the advantages in dressing admirably they don’t mind paying the little extra. For these ladies consumption on their garments will bring them ROI toward the finish of the working day. Their polished skill is noticeable through what they wear. The third line that we will look at is ‘per una’. This range was planned by, George Davies as a sub-brand for Marks Spencer for the design cognizant lady and accessible in the sizes 8-18. This line is for the lady who is a little on the solid side and realizes that and yet needs to turn great and keep upward with the most recent styles. This line is likewise somewhat less expensive creation it open for these ladies to look great and do as such at a financial plan. This lady would be a mother/house spouse having a place with the SEC C, D extend. She’s not wealthy yet she’s pleased with her feeling of style and needs to demonstrate it to the world.

BPD and the Sympathetic Nervous System

BPD and the Sympathetic Nervous System BPD Print BPD and the Sympathetic Nervous System By Kristalyn Salters-Pedneault, PhD Kristalyn Salters-Pedneault, PhD, is a clinical psychologist and associate professor of psychology at Eastern Connecticut State University. Learn about our editorial policy Kristalyn Salters-Pedneault, PhD Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on August 05, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on August 05, 2019 Image Source/Getty Images   More in BPD Diagnosis Treatment Living With BPD Related Conditions Ever wonder what gets your heart pumping while youre watching a scary movie? Or whats responsible for your quick reaction when someone cuts you off in traffic? Or why your brain goes blank and your palms get sweaty when you have to give a presentation to a room full of people?   The sympathetic nervous system is what stimulates the fight-or-flight response when youre presented with a threat, whether its being chased by a wild animal or confronting your fear of public speaking. When no threat is present, the parasympathetic nervous system allows your body to rest, recover, and digest nutrients.   Understanding the Autonomic Nervous System The sympathetic nervous system is one branch of the  autonomic nervous system (the other branch is the parasympathetic nervous system). The autonomic nervous system  regulates the functions of organs like your heart, stomach, bladder, and intestines that take place without conscious effort. It also controls the muscles in your body. You usually dont notice this system at work because it acts reflexively in response to stimuli like a wild animal. In acutely stressful situations, a number of things happen in your brain. First, the amygdala, which is responsible for detecting fear and preparing for emergency events, sends the message to your hypothalamus that youre in danger. In turn, the hypothalamus, which links your nervous system to your endocrine system, sends adrenaline into your bloodstream. This sets off a number of physiological and hormonal changes, such as dilated pupils, increased heart rate and blood pressure, increased alertness, and heightened senses. In addition, blood sugar and fats are released into your bloodstream for energy, so you can fight or flee from the danger.   In borderline personality disorder, the very well-orchestrated automatic nervous system is more easily triggered, which can cause serious emotional conflict, both inside and out.   The Sympathetic Nervous System With Borderline Personality Disorder Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a common and disruptive mental illness that affects at least four million Americans. Despite its prevalence, little research has been performed to study the neurological or physiological mechanisms behind BPD. Some scientists have suggested that better understanding the mechanics behind BPD, such as issues with the sympathetic nervous system, may lead to the creation of more effective treatment options. To date, though some drugs can help manage specific symptoms of BPD, theres no medication specifically approved to treat BPD. According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Illnesses, 5th edition, a reference healthcare professionals review when making a diagnosis, people with BPD typically have trouble regulating their emotions. Researchers have hypothesized that this means the sympathetic nervous system in people with BPD may be overly stimulated, causing intense or irrational reactions. People with BPD tend to display signs of stress longer than others; some studies have found that those with BPD remain in an emotional state 20 percent longer than other people.   For people with BPD, minor situations which wouldnt impact other people can cause an extreme physical response. This can create extreme stress  and anxiety, even if the stress is caused by delusions.  For instance, if a person with BPD believes her partner is going to leave her, she may become panicked and distraught, even if her partner has no intention of breaking up with her. Her heart may race, she may cry, and she may feel a rush of adrenaline and take a rash action to prevent her partner from leaving.   The cause of this heightened response is unknown. Some healthcare professionals believe BPD is caused by a mix of biological and environmental factors, including both genetics and how you were brought up. Abuse, trauma, and abandonment have all been linked to an increased risk of BPD. In one study, 75 percent of women with BPD had a documented history of childhood sexual abuse. Family history also plays an essential role as  BPD is about five times more common among first-degree biological relatives of those with the disorder. The Importance of Learning to Manage Stress Whatever the cause, because people with BPD tend to be more readily sent into the fight-or-flight state, and to remain in that state even when the source of stress has ended. Learning to manage the stress that can trigger that spiral is vital to preventing relapses and improving overall health. Over time, maintaining a state of constant alert can cause your body to work overtime. This wear and tear, known as allostatic load, can cause serious health problems. Of course, having BPD by itself is stressful. Still, there are coping mechanisms that can help you manage your mental health condition and improve your quality of life. For tips on how to handle stress, check out tips from the National Alliance of Mental Illness.

The Commonwealth of Nations - African History

The Political History Of The Usa - 1742 Words

The political history of the USA has seen some of the biggest struggles to make the country open-minded towards the issues of race since the Civil War. For most Americans, present day America still remains segregated. Statistics have shown that the discrimination throughout history has been used in a direct behavior against African-American people. Discrimination is the overarching theme and factor in cases of education, the judicial system, and the media portrayal of the race. This paper will examine the continued discrimination exhibited in today’s world in relation to the plot of A Lesson Before Dying and how discrimination plays a vital role in the institutional decisions that majorly affect the African American race. One of the biggest sector infested with the problem of discrimination throughout history is the judicial system. ‘Discrimination seems to flow from both the attitudinal predispositions of the judges and the process they employ to make decisions’ (Gibson). ‘The belief that a high rate of violence among blacks is inevitable and normal is partly grounded in racial stereotypes’ (Hawkins) and, ‘one of the three African American boys born in 2001, can expect to spend time in prison and nearly 40% of all prisoners today are African American’ (Mauer) is alarming. Most of the US court juries have only consisted of white men and ‘across all age categories, black males were incarcerated at higher rates than white or Hispanic males while the custody incarceration rateShow MoreRelatedThe Red Scare By Shianne Campbell1189 Words   |  5 Pagesthis was a political, social, and economic matter involving the communist party, USA government, teachers, and leaders. As follows, this issue was taken place in the USA in the late 1940’s through the early 1950’s.(1947-1957) Therefore, this conflict was many leaders, professors, other teachers, and many other business workers were fired if they were found even with any signs of communism. For that reason, that main cause of the Red Scare was to cause a range of action that had ruin the USA societyRead MoreThe Holocaust : A More Perfect Union1060 Words   |  5 PagesWe the people, in order to form a more perfect union Devan Shanker Mr. Perry Modern European History per 3 Although many recognize the Holocaust as one of the most catastrophic genocides in history, few acknowledge its underlying causes. Historians often attribute the combination of German aggression and foreign appeasement with the Nazi rise to power and success in completing the Final Solution. However, the power of the totalitarian regime originated from its domestic policy, allowing one manRead MorePolitical Changes in Europe Following WWII1251 Words   |  6 PagesEurope saw greater political changes than continuities following the 2nd World War. World War II (WWII) was a pivotal event that reshaped the Europe very much in terms of international politics. I agree to a large extent that Europe did see greater political changes than continuities following WWII. The most evident changes of which were that the United States of America (USA) and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) gained international dominance in the world arena and that the UnitedRead MoreCauses of Unrest in the Middle East Essay1145 Words   |  5 Pagesreligious, economic and geo-political. Ancient history and ancient civilizations can serve as a framework for understanding some of the existing enmity. For example, the Persians (Iranians) and the Babylonians (Iraqis) have been fighting for more than 3,000 years. However, the current unrest in the Middle East is the result of Western ethno-centrism and colonialism (covert and overt), combined with religious and sectarian conflicts. The impact of Western (Europe and the USA.) interference in the MiddleRead MoreUnderstanding International Relations Through Level of Analysis835 Words   |  4 Pagesthree different ways of understanding international relations. The System-level analysis considers top-down approach to study world politics (Rourke, 2007, p. 91). It emphasises that international actors, countries, operate in a global social-political-economic-geographic environment and the explicit characteristics of the system outlines the mode of interaction among the actors. The State-level analysis stresses the national states and their domestic practices such as national interests, interestRead MoreAmerican Middle Eastern Minority915 Words   |  4 PagesEasterners in the United States have a long history. They have become part of the American society, and many second- and third generation Americans with Middle Eastern background have become publicly recognizable figures, working in the business, political, entertainment, and media sectors as well as the U.S. military. Am ong these figures are General John Abizaid, Apple Inc. co-founder Steve Jobs, actress Shannon Elizabeth, Miss USA Pageant Rima Fakih, and political and social activist Ralph Nader. MajorityRead MoreThe Conflict Between Ussr And Usa During The Cold War1178 Words   |  5 PagesEuropean countries did not have enough economic and political stability to sustain to the different revolts taking place in their colonies and to help them to improve social and economic developments. But, it was inconceivable, for economic reasons, for these European countries to let their colonies being independent. Only, USA and the Soviet Union took positions against colonialism. On both sides, decolonization was unavoidable because of their political convictions. Thus, these two superpowers influenceRead MoreStrategic Importance Of Latin America In Cold War And Beyond.1572 Words   |  7 Pages Strategic Importance of Latin America in Cold War and Beyond Background and Introduction The 20th century appears to be most destructive and productive in the history. From revolutions to wars, from colonization’s to independent states, from industrial revolution to Information technology revelation. This century had a lot to offer for historians. This century started with the different revolutions in countries to over throw monarch system, including China, turkey, Russia, and in England which colonizeRead MoreShould the Uk Retain Its Uncodified Constitution Essay1369 Words   |  6 PagesShould the UKs constitution remain uncodified? A constitution is a set of rules which may be written or unwritten, establishes the distribution of power in a political system, the limits of government jurisdiction, the rights of citizens and the method of amending the constitution itself. An uncodified constitution is unwritten, or at least not written all in one document. The constitution in the UK is found in a variety of sources which are mainly statute and common law, conventions and traditionsRead MoreEssay about The Rise Of The Nuclear Weapon Into A Political Weapon1368 Words   |  6 Pagesof nuclear weapon from ultimate weapon to political weapon. USA decided to use the atomic bomb to defeat Japan in order to save around 500.000 lives of American soldiers that were needed to end the war and in the summer 1945 the USA dropped two bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki. The nuclear weapon raised the confidence of USA but president Truman did not ordered its mass production because at that time he saw no explicit political functi on for the bomb. USA even tried to internationalize control of

Study of Personality Free Essays

What is Personality? It is the combination of qualities that form an individual’s unique character and make them different from other people. Personality is made up the characteristic patterns of thoughts, behaviors, and feelings. Personality becomes apparent from an individual’s early age and remains consistent throughout his / her lifetime. We will write a custom essay sample on Study of Personality or any similar topic only for you Order Now Cloninjer (1999), believe that people are born with four specific temperaments ( harm avoidance, novelty seeking, perseverance, reward dependence) which have a crucial role in forming the personality and how we get along with our family and other people. There are numerous theories about how personality develops and they focus on difference approaches. For instance the Freudians and the Behaviorists argue that personality is developed by ones interactions with their environment and by studying behaviors that can be observed and assessed. The humanists theory focuses on the importance of free will and individual experience in the development of personality. The two issues I selected that are of interest to me are Free-will vs Determinism and Cultural Determinism vs Cultural Transcendence. Free-will vs Determinism. With this issue, the focus is on finding out if genetic and environmental events have a bearing on our personality? Can we shape, direct and control our character development and destiny? The notion of free will argues that we are conscious human beings and as a result are free to make undetermined decisions in situations where we can and are able to do so. Determinism on the other hand argues that things or events that happen are as a result of things/events that happen in the past. Cultural Determinism vs Cultural Transcendence. The question here is that to what extent does our cultures shape us to become who we are? Just like the Free-will question, can we transcend cultural differences by rising above it? Should it so happen that we can transcend cultural difference, how can it be done, and how easy or difficult will it be to do so? I am inclined to believe that the culture in which we were born and raised shapes who we are emotionally and behaviorally, however the environment has a commanding influence. Many cultural studies conducted during the last decade on issues such as self- processes, emotion, and personality traits have firmly established the following: culture is a key determinant of what it means to be a person (Diener, Oishi Lucas, 2003; Markus Kitayama, 1998). How to cite Study of Personality, Papers

Research Paper on Bowling Essay Example

Research Paper on Bowling Paper Bowling is a game that was popularized in the United States and is to reverse the pins with a ball. Bowling is a game with six or ten pins, developed in the nineteenth century in the northeastern United States. The federation American Bowling Congress was founded on September 9 1895. The first championship was held in Chicago in 1901. To write a good research paper on bowling use free sample research papers, which will help you understand that traditional bowling games have survived in many areas, for example in Britain, where Bowling of Alder tries to popularize it. The track (or driveway) for bowling is 1.06 m wide and 16.98 m (60 feet) in length. The arrows are located 15 feet from the foul line (environ 4,7 m). We will write a custom essay sample on Research Paper on Bowling specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Research Paper on Bowling specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Research Paper on Bowling specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Since the early 1990, synthetic coatings melamine have gradually replaced the maple tracks in favor of reduced maintenance and improved stability conditions. The track is bordered by two ditches, called also scuppers or gutters. The track has a special oiling, that is to say that the track is oiled on 39 or top 45 feet (11.9 m to 13.7 m) of the track of a gradual manner and the remaining quarter is sometimes left dry. This difference in roughness affects the curve of the ball at the end of the track and is called the breaking point. Indeed, it will turn on itself on the oiled surface and then â€Å"hang† on the dry rolling away, resulting in a change of direction. If the ball leaves the track, it is collected by gutters and re-routed back by a rail system; no points are then harvested. The approach zone, separated from the track by the â€Å"foul line† measure 4.87 m (15 feet). The tracks are elevated from the ground for 38 cm to 43 cm in order to place under it the ball returning system. Bowling pins are 38.1 cm high with a minimum weight of 1.4 kg each. The ball has weigh ranging from 2.7 to 7.258 kg (6-16 lbs). The bowling is of American origin that is why the balls wear matching numbers to their weight in pounds. It is possible to have your own ball, a specific weight, drilled to the size of your hand and fingers and the color of choice, allowing a better game. There are different types of balls: woody balls (without stones that roll in a straight line on the track); the follower balls (which allow the ball to have a curved path). Bowling has ten tiles (or 10 frames). Each player throws two balls to each tile, except in cases of strike. A strike is to break down all ten pins with the first ball. The spare is to break down all ten pins with two consecutive shots of the tile. Thus, the perfect mark is 300 points for twelve consecutive strikes. The two main events are the world championship, created in 1969, and the Europe. Each country organizes, also recognized by their federation such as internal competitions: individual national championships and teams in the regional and district championships, a club championship, an inter-team championship†¦ At EssayLib.com custom writing service you can buy a custom research paper on Bowling topics. Your research paper will be written from scratch. We hire top-rated Ph.D. and Master’s writers only to provide students with professional research paper assistance at affordable rates. Each customer will get a non-plagiarized paper with timely delivery. Just visit our website and fill in the order form with all paper details: Enjoy our professional research paper writing service!

List of Fantasy Themed Stage Plays

List of Fantasy Themed Stage Plays A quest begins! Dragons lurk in caves. Diabolic beasts wait around nearly every twist and turn of the trail. But, if the heroes are brave and loyal, a triumphant ending is in store. Fantasy has long since delighted young and old alike. Although this very visual genre offers a great many challenges to a director, it can be a very fulfilling experience to both the audience and the artists. The following plays are some of the most popular fantasy stories in the history of children’s literature. With the right elements, each of these stage adaptations can be transformed into a top-notch production. The Lion, The Witch, and the Wardrobe Many artistic mediums have brought the world of Narnia to life. Literature, radio, television, animation, and film have each interpreted C.S. Lewis’ work. Yet the stage play adaptation of this fantasy classic possesses immense charm and sincerity. Production Challenges: Lots of fantastical set pieces and imaginative costumes make this a difficult show to perform without an extravagant budget (or a very forgiving audience!) Production Advantages: This highly moral story of good versus evil offers a wide range of characters for actors of various ages. Performers get the rare opportunity of playing intelligent animals, enchanted creatures, and heroic children. Casting Advice: It’s a plus if the children can pull off a British accent. It’s an even bigger plus if they can reverently gasp â€Å"Aslan!† on a continual basis! Much of the believability depends on how the child actors respond to the magical creatures. If they are genuinely in awe, the audience will feel that same sense of wonder. Script available at Dramatic Publishing. The Hobbit Adapted by Edward Mast, this prequel to Lord of the Rings captures the essence of this magical quest- though it does skip a few parts of the book. J.R.R. Tolkien spins the wondrous tale of Bilbo Baggins, the unlikely hero who learns that there is more to life than relaxing in the Shire. The stage play is simple enough that it could be performed by junior high students. Yet, the themes are sophisticated enough to warrant a professional production. Production Challenges: The large cast consists almost entirely of male characters. If this is performed by a school or children’s theater, the many young actresses who audition may be disappointed to find themselves cast as a beard-clad dwarf! Production Advantages: The sets can consist of a number of fantasy forest and cave backdrops. The look can also be enhanced with a skilled lighting and sound designer. Casting Advice: With the right cast, this can be a fun play to use both child actors (as dwarves and hobbits) and adults (as Gandalf, Goblins, and Gollum). More faithful productions have cast adults in all parts, selecting shorter actors for the â€Å"vertically-challenged† characters. Find out more about this stage adaptation of The Reluctant Dragon So many fantasy stories end with a dragon being slain. Imaginary-animal activists will be happy to know that at least one show is sympathetic to the plight of these endangered magical beasts. Though a tale of fantasy, this version by Mary Hall Surface teaches a valuable lesson of the dangers of prejudice. Production Challenges: Some creative costuming is required to make the title character look dragon-like. Other than that, this is very easy to produce play. Production Advantages: The script is short, sweet, and to the point. It runs about sixty minutes and sports a small cast of eight players. Casting Advice: Much of the script contains dialogue befitting of medieval knights. Cast a regal sounding actor for the distinguished role of St. George. Script available at Anchorage Press Plays. Tuck Everlasting Not all fantasies contain wizards and monsters. Some of the best imaginary tales present a single magical element. In the case of Tuck Everlasting, a family drinks from a supernatural spring and attains eternal life, for better or for worse. Production Disadvantages: Mark Frattaroli’s adaptation of Natalie Babbitt’s beloved novel is not yet available through publishing companies. However, since 1991, it has been performed at several regional theaters such as the Magic Theatre Company. Production Advantages: If a playhouse manages to get the rights to Tuck Everlasting, the Chicago Playworks company has created a very handy guide for drama teachers and students.

List of Fantasy Themed Stage Plays

List of Fantasy Themed Stage Plays A quest begins! Dragons lurk in caves. Diabolic beasts wait around nearly every twist and turn of the trail. But, if the heroes are brave and loyal, a triumphant ending is in store. Fantasy has long since delighted young and old alike. Although this very visual genre offers a great many challenges to a director, it can be a very fulfilling experience to both the audience and the artists. The following plays are some of the most popular fantasy stories in the history of children’s literature. With the right elements, each of these stage adaptations can be transformed into a top-notch production. The Lion, The Witch, and the Wardrobe Many artistic mediums have brought the world of Narnia to life. Literature, radio, television, animation, and film have each interpreted C.S. Lewis’ work. Yet the stage play adaptation of this fantasy classic possesses immense charm and sincerity. Production Challenges: Lots of fantastical set pieces and imaginative costumes make this a difficult show to perform without an extravagant budget (or a very forgiving audience!) Production Advantages: This highly moral story of good versus evil offers a wide range of characters for actors of various ages. Performers get the rare opportunity of playing intelligent animals, enchanted creatures, and heroic children. Casting Advice: It’s a plus if the children can pull off a British accent. It’s an even bigger plus if they can reverently gasp â€Å"Aslan!† on a continual basis! Much of the believability depends on how the child actors respond to the magical creatures. If they are genuinely in awe, the audience will feel that same sense of wonder. Script available at Dramatic Publishing. The Hobbit Adapted by Edward Mast, this prequel to Lord of the Rings captures the essence of this magical quest- though it does skip a few parts of the book. J.R.R. Tolkien spins the wondrous tale of Bilbo Baggins, the unlikely hero who learns that there is more to life than relaxing in the Shire. The stage play is simple enough that it could be performed by junior high students. Yet, the themes are sophisticated enough to warrant a professional production. Production Challenges: The large cast consists almost entirely of male characters. If this is performed by a school or children’s theater, the many young actresses who audition may be disappointed to find themselves cast as a beard-clad dwarf! Production Advantages: The sets can consist of a number of fantasy forest and cave backdrops. The look can also be enhanced with a skilled lighting and sound designer. Casting Advice: With the right cast, this can be a fun play to use both child actors (as dwarves and hobbits) and adults (as Gandalf, Goblins, and Gollum). More faithful productions have cast adults in all parts, selecting shorter actors for the â€Å"vertically-challenged† characters. Find out more about this stage adaptation of The Reluctant Dragon So many fantasy stories end with a dragon being slain. Imaginary-animal activists will be happy to know that at least one show is sympathetic to the plight of these endangered magical beasts. Though a tale of fantasy, this version by Mary Hall Surface teaches a valuable lesson of the dangers of prejudice. Production Challenges: Some creative costuming is required to make the title character look dragon-like. Other than that, this is very easy to produce play. Production Advantages: The script is short, sweet, and to the point. It runs about sixty minutes and sports a small cast of eight players. Casting Advice: Much of the script contains dialogue befitting of medieval knights. Cast a regal sounding actor for the distinguished role of St. George. Script available at Anchorage Press Plays. Tuck Everlasting Not all fantasies contain wizards and monsters. Some of the best imaginary tales present a single magical element. In the case of Tuck Everlasting, a family drinks from a supernatural spring and attains eternal life, for better or for worse. Production Disadvantages: Mark Frattaroli’s adaptation of Natalie Babbitt’s beloved novel is not yet available through publishing companies. However, since 1991, it has been performed at several regional theaters such as the Magic Theatre Company. Production Advantages: If a playhouse manages to get the rights to Tuck Everlasting, the Chicago Playworks company has created a very handy guide for drama teachers and students.

List of Fantasy Themed Stage Plays

List of Fantasy Themed Stage Plays A quest begins! Dragons lurk in caves. Diabolic beasts wait around nearly every twist and turn of the trail. But, if the heroes are brave and loyal, a triumphant ending is in store. Fantasy has long since delighted young and old alike. Although this very visual genre offers a great many challenges to a director, it can be a very fulfilling experience to both the audience and the artists. The following plays are some of the most popular fantasy stories in the history of children’s literature. With the right elements, each of these stage adaptations can be transformed into a top-notch production. The Lion, The Witch, and the Wardrobe Many artistic mediums have brought the world of Narnia to life. Literature, radio, television, animation, and film have each interpreted C.S. Lewis’ work. Yet the stage play adaptation of this fantasy classic possesses immense charm and sincerity. Production Challenges: Lots of fantastical set pieces and imaginative costumes make this a difficult show to perform without an extravagant budget (or a very forgiving audience!) Production Advantages: This highly moral story of good versus evil offers a wide range of characters for actors of various ages. Performers get the rare opportunity of playing intelligent animals, enchanted creatures, and heroic children. Casting Advice: It’s a plus if the children can pull off a British accent. It’s an even bigger plus if they can reverently gasp â€Å"Aslan!† on a continual basis! Much of the believability depends on how the child actors respond to the magical creatures. If they are genuinely in awe, the audience will feel that same sense of wonder. Script available at Dramatic Publishing. The Hobbit Adapted by Edward Mast, this prequel to Lord of the Rings captures the essence of this magical quest- though it does skip a few parts of the book. J.R.R. Tolkien spins the wondrous tale of Bilbo Baggins, the unlikely hero who learns that there is more to life than relaxing in the Shire. The stage play is simple enough that it could be performed by junior high students. Yet, the themes are sophisticated enough to warrant a professional production. Production Challenges: The large cast consists almost entirely of male characters. If this is performed by a school or children’s theater, the many young actresses who audition may be disappointed to find themselves cast as a beard-clad dwarf! Production Advantages: The sets can consist of a number of fantasy forest and cave backdrops. The look can also be enhanced with a skilled lighting and sound designer. Casting Advice: With the right cast, this can be a fun play to use both child actors (as dwarves and hobbits) and adults (as Gandalf, Goblins, and Gollum). More faithful productions have cast adults in all parts, selecting shorter actors for the â€Å"vertically-challenged† characters. Find out more about this stage adaptation of The Reluctant Dragon So many fantasy stories end with a dragon being slain. Imaginary-animal activists will be happy to know that at least one show is sympathetic to the plight of these endangered magical beasts. Though a tale of fantasy, this version by Mary Hall Surface teaches a valuable lesson of the dangers of prejudice. Production Challenges: Some creative costuming is required to make the title character look dragon-like. Other than that, this is very easy to produce play. Production Advantages: The script is short, sweet, and to the point. It runs about sixty minutes and sports a small cast of eight players. Casting Advice: Much of the script contains dialogue befitting of medieval knights. Cast a regal sounding actor for the distinguished role of St. George. Script available at Anchorage Press Plays. Tuck Everlasting Not all fantasies contain wizards and monsters. Some of the best imaginary tales present a single magical element. In the case of Tuck Everlasting, a family drinks from a supernatural spring and attains eternal life, for better or for worse. Production Disadvantages: Mark Frattaroli’s adaptation of Natalie Babbitt’s beloved novel is not yet available through publishing companies. However, since 1991, it has been performed at several regional theaters such as the Magic Theatre Company. Production Advantages: If a playhouse manages to get the rights to Tuck Everlasting, the Chicago Playworks company has created a very handy guide for drama teachers and students.

The Bad Old Days - Porridge

The Bad Old Days - Porridge From the Hoax: In those old days, they cooked in the kitchen with a big kettle that always hung over the fire. Every day they lit the fire and added things to the pot. They ate mostly vegetables and did not get much meat. They would eat the stew for dinner, leaving leftovers in the pot to get cold overnight and then start over the next day. Sometimes the stew had food in it that had been there for quite a while -hence the rhyme, Peas porridge hot, peas porridge cold, peas porridge in the pot nine days old. The Facts In peasant cottages, there was no kitchen in which to cook. The poorest families had only one room where they cooked, ate, worked, and slept. It is also possible that most of these extremely poor families owned only one kettle. Poor town-dwellers usually didnt even have that, and obtained most of their meals ready-made from shops and street vendors in the Medieval version of fast-food.1 Those who lived on the edge of starvation had to make use of every edible item they could find, and just about everything could go into the pot (often a footed kettle that rested in the fire rather than over it) for the evening meal.2 This included beans, grains, vegetables, and sometimes meat often bacon. Using a little meat in this manner would make it go further as sustenance. The resulting stew was called pottage, and it was the basic element of the peasant diet. And yes, sometimes the remains of one days cooking would be used in the next days fare. (This is true in some modern peasant stew recipes.) But it was not common for food to remain there for nine days or for more than two or three days, for that matter. People living on the edge of starvation were not likely to leave food on their plates or in the pot. Contaminating the carefully-gathered ingredients of a nights supper with rotting nine-day-old remains, thus risking illness, is even more unlikely. What is likely is that leftovers from the evening meal were incorporated into a breakfast that would sustain the hard-working peasant family for much of the day. We have not been able to discover the origin of the peas porridge hot rhyme. It is unlikely to spring from 16th-century life since, according to the Merriam-Webster Dictionary, the word porridge did not come into use until the 17th century. Addendum: Lauren Henry writes: A source is The Oxford Dictionary of Nursery Rhymes, edited by Iona and Peter Opie, published by Oxford University Press, 1997, pages 406-409. According to that, the rhyme made fun of a hawkers cry at Bartholomews Fair in the 18th century, documented in a description written by G.A. Stevens in 1762. Notes 1. Carlin, Martha, Fast Food and Urban Living Standards in Medieval England, in Carlin, Martha, and Rosenthal, Joel T., eds., Food and Eating in Medieval Europe (The Hambledon Press, 1998), pp. 27-51. 2. Gies, Frances Gies, Joseph, Life in a Medieval Village (HarperPerennial, 1991), p. 96. The text of this document is copyright  ©2005 Melissa Snell. You may download or print this document for personal or school use, as long as the URL below is included. Permission is  not  granted to reproduce this document on another website. The URL for this document is: www.thoughtco.com/porridge-in-medieval-times-1788710

Workforce planning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Workforce planning - Essay Example Sloan (2010) notes that the strategic work force planning seeks to look into the current, transitional and future needs of the business. Operational workforce planning, on the other hand, takes about twelve to eighteen months. It forms the basis of the strategic workforce planning. Work force planning occurs in five basis steps. The first step is the context and environment consideration. It entails looking at why the process is required and the goals that the business seeks to achieve by having a workforce plan. It is in this stage where the performance measures for the plan are also identified and spelt out. Bechet (2002) notes that one of the key procedures in the initial stage of workforce planning is linking the strategic goals and objectives of the business with the plan. It allows for the team involved to know how to shape the plan so that it is part and parcel of the overall goals of the business. The second step is the generation of the current workforce profile. It requires focusing on the current skills, competencies, experience and strengths of the workforce that the business has. Step two also necessitates the identification of the key issues which need to be considered so that the capability of the workforce can be improved. Step three of the plan is the generation of the future workforce profile. According to Hill & Jones (2001) a plan is supposed to take an organization to a desired future state. It therefore means that the business must look at the implications that the plan will have on its future as well as the environment which will be needed for the effective implementation and use of the plan. Future priorities must also be identified at this stage. The fourth step is the analysis of the gaps and coming up with strategies to close them. Step four entails the identification of the key areas where action will be obligatory so that the gaps are filled for the benefit of the business. The final step is the conclusion,

Does the rotation of auditors improve the quality of auditing Essay

Does the rotation of auditors improve the quality of auditing - Essay Example In the provisional report released by the panel, it was proposed that, for there to be audit quality, audit firms must be rotated periodically (Whitehouse par. 4). This proposal by the U.K. Competition Commission is in line with the United States Public Company Accounting Oversight Board’s (PCAOB) concept, which proposed compulsory rotation of audit firms. According to PCAOB, the proposed regulation would set a threshold on the number of years that a registered public audit firm could act as the auditor of a public company, noted Bhika and Francis (par. 2). This proposal came about out of the increasing need to improve audit quality in both the U.K. and the U.S. Audit quality, according to Arter (3) is a process involving a systematic examination of internal and external auditor’s quality system. Audit quality is seen as an important part of quality management system in an organization. Quality audit ensures that audit companies perform their duties objectively, and ind ependently. Therefore, the U.K. Competition Commission and PCAOB believe that rotation of auditors of public companies will help increase competition among audit firms, which will also increase the quality of audit. This will be of great benefit to the shareholders since it will help safeguard shareholders interests by increasing the managers’ accountability. A report released by the U.K. Competition Commission showed that about 31% of top 100 public companies in the U.K. and 20% of the top 250 had been sharing the same audit firm for more than two decades. This raises concern since it does not promote the spirit of competition, thus resulting in lower quality, higher prices and less innovation. In addition, this results in failure of audit firms to protect the interest of shareholders (Whitehouse par. 5). The U.K Commission is also concerned that the audit market, subjugated by the Big 4, is constrained by factors that prevent companies from changing auditors. In addition, t hese factors allow auditors to focus more on satisfying the needs of managements than those of shareholders. A study also established that most companies find it difficult in comparing alternative audit firms with their existing auditors, as they prefer continuity. As a result, they incur significant costs in hiring and terminating the services of auditors. Therefore, the reluctance of these companies to change auditors limit reduces their bargaining power. All these problems, according to the U.K. Commission can only be addressed effectively through mandatory rotation of auditors (Whitehouse par. 6). Audit rotation, according to PWC (par. 2), pertains to setting a limit that ensures that a particular auditor does not overstay as an auditor for a particular client for too long. Instead, the auditors are required to move to terminate their services with the firms they have been working for after the expiry of the set time limit to find other clients. Perceived advantages One of the p erceived advantages of audit firm rotation is that it increases audit quality (Bhika and Francis par. 6). Those in support of proposed rotation of audit firms in the country claim that the establishing term limit for audit firms will help in eliminating some of the â€Å"chumminess† that might exist between companies and audit firms, thus promoting increased skepticism, independence and objectivity.

Batch Reactor As A Plant Engineering Essay

Batch Reactor As A Plant Engineering Essay What is a plant unit. All Equipment that make up a plant can be divided into 3 different categories or levels, the highest being the Plant as a whole, then the plant units and the lowest are the plant items. While the actual plant performs an overall production, the Plant unit refers to the main components of a Plant which perform a major production function of the Plant and without which the Plant can not continue its operations. A Plant unit is made up of items but it can be replaced as a whole (Anthony Kellyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦) In this Plant, the Batch Reactor receives raw materials from the raw material storage, processes them for a certain amount of time then transfers them to the centrifuge feed vessel. From the above diagram, it is obvious that the Batch Reactor is a major component of the plant and from its function it is seen that the reactor must process the raw material for progress to be made to the next stage of production. I am therefore concluding this as my explanation as to why the Batch reactor is a plant unit. Explain Your Reasons For Concluding That This Unit Is Critical For Production. Several Factors determine how critical a piece of equipment is to production. They include: Will the Equipment affect safety in the plant? Will the Equipment not working cause downtime in the plant? How easily can the Equipment be maintained? What is the cost of this maintenance? What is the current situation of the Equipment? (Paul Wheelhouse) Now each of the factors can be used to examine the Batch Reactor and after which an educated decision can be made. The Batch Reactor affects the safety in the plant because its function involves the heating of chemicals under pressure and its failure might cause the leakage of these chemicals or at the worst lead to an explosion in the Plant. If the Batch Reactor was to stop working, there would be prolonged downtime until it is fixed; this is due to the fact that the Reactor performs a major function in the Plant without which further production would come to a halt. The Batch Reactor is made up of a number of different items, some of which can be run-to-failure, but for the most an established schedule of maintenance must be made for. Without such a schedule, maintenance would be most difficult to carry out. The cost of maintaining the Batch Reactor may vary but if is not properly attended to; one fault might lead to another even bigger one so the cost of maintaining might increase. The items in the Batch Reactor have a life plan which is currently not being kept to; this means the Equipment requires monitoring to avoid random failure or prolonged breakdown and downtime. On the account of the above facts, it is my belief that the Batch Reactor needs to be labelled as critical. Extract Any User Requirements For This Designated Unit From The Plant Description. Are There Any Production Windows? What are User requirements? This simply refers to the specifications that are inbuilt in a piece of equipment so that it might be able to fulfil the end users needs according to those tasks which it is used to perform. In line with the plant description given on this particular Batch Reactor, a number of user requirements can be ascertained and these are listed below: To receive 18te of raw materials from the raw material storage. To remain sealed and heat its contents through a preset temperature / time profile by use of a temperature control system consisting of a thermocouple in a temperature pocket, a temperature controller and a control valve. That the control valve regulates the supply of low pressure steam. That its temperature alarm signal when the temperature exceeds 1250C. That all safety relief valves work in event of an increase of temperature past the safety limit of 1250C. That the bottom run off valve opens when the operation is complete and releases the contents from the Batch reactor to the centrifuge feed vessel by the discharge pump. That the operation lasts 10 hours only. What is a production window? This is a period during production in which maintenance procedures can be carried out without causing a halt in production. With emphasis on the Batch reactor it can be seen that there is a production window and this can be explained below. While the batch reactor makes 18te of product every 10 hours, the centrifuge processes this product at a rate of 1.5te an hour i.e. it would have completely used up the 18te of product in 12 hours. Since it takes 10 hours for the batch reactor to work, this would give a 2 hour production window in which it can be properly maintained. Also depending on the capacity of the centrifuge storage vessel, it is possible for the batch reactor to work overtime filling this feed vessel up and then be switched off and maintained while the centrifuge is operated using the previously stored produce in the centrifuge feed vessel. Extract Any Corporate Requirements for This Unit From The Plant Description. What are corporate requirements? These are the requirements which the upper management or Business sector of the company running plant desire from its industrial operations in order to make a suitable return on its investments (ROI). From the plant description the following corporate requirements can be made below: That its keeps to its scheduled annual shutdown period of 16 hours during week 40 each year. That all maintenance pertaining to the batch reactor abides by the permit to work system which controls all maintenance activities. That the batch reactor achieves a 25 year life and that the gearboxes achieve a 15 year life as well. That the batch reactor remains well-painted, clean and tidy at all times. Extract Any Legislative Requirements for This Unit From The Plant Description. What are legislative requirements? These are Plant requirements made by the Law, rules or regulations or the Country in which the Plant operates. They must be implemented in order for the plant to avoid sanctions or being shut down. In this particular plant description they include: That the Batch Reactor abides by the rules by the FDA and British pharmaceutical Society put in place for their license holders. All production and maintenance activities involving the Batch reactor comply with the Good Manufacturing practise (GMP). That the processes involving the Batch Reactor are as okayed by the quality standard ISO 9002. That the batch reactor conforms to the environmental standard ISO14000. That if used by the Pharmaceutical inspection team, the batch reactor must pass any risk-based inspections based on a DNV methodology that might be carried out. Comment On If Some of The tasks Designed For Shutdown Could be Done During Production Windows Or When The Plant Is Online. Could Any Of These Tasks Be Designated For Completion During Production Windows Be Completed Online? We have previous explained what production windows are and when a Plant is online refers to when the plant is carrying its usual operational procedures. From the work done previously in section 1.3, we now know that there is a definite 2 hour production window during which the batch reactor can be maintained while the centrifuge is working. In looking at the life plan for the batch reactor unit, there are a certain amount of tasks that could be done in 2 hours and should be moved from shut down to production window, these are: The replacement of the trim of the CV1 every 2 years. The pressure testing and inspection of the SV1 every 6 years. The visual check of the Agitator every 6 years. The SV2 pressure testing and inspection every 6 years. There is only one task put to be completed when there is a production window and it can be done while the Plant is online. This is the weekly visual check on the Agitator coupling, because if it is checked while online it might lead to the location of which wouldnt have being seen if the equipment was offline. Analyse The Recorded Jobs From The Computer Maintenance Management System (CMMS) For This Unit. Is There Any Evidence Which Confirms That The Life Plan Is Being Carried out? Is There Any Evidence To Say If The Life Plan Is Effective Or Not? What is a Life plan? All plant units or manufacturing stages in production are designed to have a certain life. To fulfil this, maintenance plans are put in place to achieve this expected equipment life and if possible, to exceed it. These maintenance plans are called Life plans. (Wheelhouse, 2008) On comparing the life plan of the batch reactor to the computer maintenance management system (CMMS) it can be seen that the life plan isnt being carried out. This is due to the factor that there is a remarkable difference between the standard time taken to maintain every single unit item in the reactor and the actual time the job was done in hours, meaning the maintenance done cannot be adequately planned for and could lead to excessive downtime. It can be seen that for this singular reason the life plan of the batch reactor is not capable of being effective. Use The Figures, Plant Description And The Data From The CMMS To Analyse The Unit Into Its Maintenance Causing Items. Using the figure 1 shown previously and the figure 2 shown directly above as well as the Life plan and the CMMS, the maintenance causing items can be broken down as done bel Batch Chemical Reactor CV1 Agitator Coupling Temperature controller Gearbox Motor bearing Oil seal Agitator Trim Agitator gear box Reactor Vessel Temperature sensor Pump Motor Pump bearing SV1 SV2 P1 V1 Vessel Jacket Figure 3: The Maintenance Causing Items in a Batch Chemical Reactor Develop your own life plan for these maintenance causing items using the task selection logic for Reliability Centred Maintenance. RCM WORK SHEET SYSTEM: CHEMICAL PLANT SUB-SYSTEM: BATCH CHEMICAL REACTOR SUB- SYSTEM FUNCTION FUNTIONAL FAILURE FAILURE MODE FAILURE EFFECT CRITICALITY RESPONSE TIME FREQUENCY CV1 Regulates supply of low Pressure steam Unable to supply Steam at all. Supplies Inadequate steam Faulty Trim Absence or insufficient Supply of steam High Replace trim 3 hrs 2 yearly (Production window) Agitator Motor Gearbox Transmit motion to the Agitator Fails to transmit motion To the Agitator. Broken seal Shortage of lubrication Damaged bearings Worn gear teeth Oil leakage Damage to gearbox Medium Monitor vibrations and check oil seal and condition. 2 hrs (vibration monitoring), 12 mins oil inspection Monthly Vibrations, Daily oil seal checks (Online) Agitator Coupling Connects Agitator motor gearbox to Agitator for motion transmission Doesnt transmit motion From gearbox to agitator. Transmits inadequate Motion. Slackness in fitting Doesnt give agitator The necessary Transmitted motion. Medium Tighten coupling as required. 6 mins Daily (online) Temperature Controller Controls the temperature making sure it doesnt exceed 1250 C Unable to read the correct temperature. Faulty temperature sensor . Increase or reduction of reactor temperature on wrong information. High Recalibrate temperature sensor. 2 hrs 2 year (Production window) SV1 Releases the pressure steam in the vessel during times of alert. Unable to release excess pressure steam Blockage at valve outlet. Crack in valve Pressure steam is not released properly or in time. High Inspect, pressure test and recondition if necessary. 3 hrs 6 yearly (Shutdown) SV2 Releases excess steam in the jacket in times of alert Unable to release excess steam Blockage at valve outlet. Crack in valve Pressure steam is not released properly or in time. High Inspect, pressure test and recondition if necessary 3 hrs Yearly (Production window) Agitator Shakes, stirs mixes the raw materials in the reactor. Unable to stir or mix Raw materials. Damaged blades Eroded surface Raw materials are not mixed properly. Medium Recoat or replace as necessary. 3 hrs Re-coat or replace as necessary.(Shutdown) Jacket Maintain its integrity and contain raw materials during processing. Leakage of materials during processing. Damaged or eroded Parts. Contents leak out causing contamination. High Pressure test and repair as necessary. 5 hrs Yearly (Shutdown) V1 Releases processed material to P1 pump Processed materials not released Leakage of material during release Blockage at valve outlet Crack in valve Contents not released properly. Contents leak out causing contamination. High Leak test and repair if necessary. 15 mins Daily test (Online) P1 Transfer processed materials from reactor to centrifuge feed vessel Leaks material Unable to pump materials at all. Pumps materials at Wrong rate. Replace seal if necessary. Replace pump if necessary. Contents leak. Contents not pumped properly High Condition monitoring Replace seal if necessary Replace pump if necessary. 1.5 hrs (Condition Monitoring) 4 mins (Leak test) Monthly condition Monitoring (Online), Daily leak checks (online) Figure 1.4: Life Plan using RCM logic. Compare and contrast between your Life plan with the one described previously, comment on any similarities and differences. There are a number of ways in which my Life plan differs from the one previously given but there are also ways in which both are similar. Some of them are as listed below: To begin, the first detail that can be noticed when comparing both life plans is that since I used the RCM selection logic, my life plan carries much more details as I included the functions, functional failures, failure modes, failure effect and criticality of each subsystem or item. This will be particularly useful in settling up priorities as the criticality of each subsystem is set at low, medium or high depending on the considerations of safety, performance and impact of the subsystem or item on the rest of the plant. I brainstormed and added more failure modes and their activities than had being previously discovered or had activities planned for in the previous life plan so as to further prepare maintenance personnel to be able to tackle these failures if and when they do occur. I changed the time frame for certain activities to take into consideration the new 2 hour production window that was discovered earlier. This will help reduce the amount tasks that are done during a shutdown and therefore cut down the downtime which the plant undergoes. I increased the amount of time to be used to accomplish most tasks due to the fact that in the previous life plan, insufficient time was allocated to these tasks so therefore they couldnt be planned or executed properly within the targets set for them. Now in terms of similarities, I observed that the preventive maintenance and condition monitoring carried out on the Batch Reactor had ensured breakdowns were kept to a minimum so bearing this in mind, I retained all the activities from the old life plan and continued using them for the various items. I also continued to carry out maintenance activities at the same frequency that was mapped out in the old life plan as I believe that the punctuality with which activities were carried out improved the reliability of the equipment. CHAPTER 2 Describe The Philosophy of Total Productive Maintenance. What is TPM? Total Productive Maintenance (TPM) refers to a management system for optimizing the productivity of manufacturing equipment through systematic equipment maintenance involving employees at all levels.   Under TPM, everyone is involved in keeping the equipment in good working order to minimize production losses from equipment repairs, assists, set-ups, and the like. (http://www.siliconfareast.com/tpm.htm). The goal of TPM is to increase production while at the same time boosting employee morale and job satisfaction. (Venkatesh. J) This is possible because there would be less downtime as TPM is carried out by the Operators on the items or machinery which they use as they, the maintainers and Designers work as a team towards the total elimination of equipment defects in the Plant (Paul Wheelhouse). History of TPM TPM is a Japanese idea that can be traced back to 1951 when preventive maintenance was introduced into Japan from the USA. Nippondenso, part of Toyota, was the first company in Japan to introduce plant wide preventive maintenance in 1960. In preventive maintenance operators produced goods using machines and the maintenance group was dedicated to the work of maintaining those machines. However with the high level of automation of Nippondenso, maintenance became a problem as so many more maintenance personnel were now required. So the management decided that the routine maintenance of equipment would now be carried out by the operators themselves. This is known as Autonomous maintenance, one of the features of TPM. The maintenance group then focussed only on maintenance works for upgrades. For pioneering TPM, Nippondenso became the 1st company to receive TPM certification (wikipedia). Why Use TPM? For TPM to be used in an Organisation, everyone from senior management to the operators on the floor must be carried along and made to understand why this particular system is being used. For this to happen effectively, the Motives, Objectives and benefits must be fully stated out and properly absorbed. The table below gives a generic illustration: Motives of TPM Adoption of life cycle approach for improving the overall performance of production equipment. Improving productivity by highly motivated workers which is achieved by job enlargement. The use of voluntary small group activities for identifying the cause of failure, possible plant and equipment modifications. Uniqueness of TPM The major difference between TPM and other concepts is that the operators are also made to involve in the maintenance process. The concept of I (Production operators) Operate, You (Maintenance department) fix is not followed. TPM Objectives Achieve Zero Defects, Zero Breakdown and Zero accidents in all functional areas of the organization. Involve people in all levels of organization. Form different teams to reduce defects and Self Maintenance. Direct benefits of TPM Increase productivity and OPE (Overall Plant Efficiency ) by 1.5 or 2 times. Rectify customer complaints. Reduce the manufacturing cost by 30%. Satisfy the customers needs by 100 % (Delivering the right quantity at the right time, in the required quality.) Reduce accidents. Follow pollution control measures. Indirect benefits of TPM Higher confidence level among the employees. Keep the work place clean, neat and attractive. Favourable change in the attitude of the operators. Achieve goals by working as team. Horizontal deployment of a new concept in all areas of the organization. Share knowledge and experience. The workers get a feeling of owning the machine. Figure 4 .TPM table Source: An Introduction to Total Productive Maintenance (Venkatesh. J) For TPM to start properly, the OEE (Overall Equipment Effectiveness) should be calculated and a loss analysis performed to give both a baseline for continuous upgrading and ascertain the improvement priorities. This will allow the operator/core maintenance team to prioritize and then tackle the 6 classic losses of: Breakdowns Set-ups and changeovers Running at reduced speeds Minor stops and idling Quality defects, scrap, yield and rework Starting up losses The above losses add to the direct costs. Implementation of TPM attacks these and other direct (visible) costs as well as indirect (hidden) costs and follows each step in the production and supply chain from Management to the human resources to the Machine to the process, then to suppliers and finally to the customers (Willmott and McCarthy). Components of TPM Figure 4: Pillars of TPM Source: An Introduction to Total Productive Maintenance (Venkatesh. J) As shown above, TPM is made up of 8 main aspects which when combined present the full TPM package. They are: The 5 S which are primarily the foundation of TPM and involve organising the workplace. These are sorting, systematising, sweeping, standardising and self-discipline. Autonomous maintenance which refers to the operators handling most or in cases all of the maintenance concerning the machines which they operate. Kobetsu Kaizen means small improvements or changes for the better of the organisation. Planned maintenance entails scheduled maintenance which is done to ensure trouble free machines and equipments producing defect free products for total customer satisfaction. Quality maintenance is aimed at providing customer satisfaction by providing the highest quality through defect free manufacturing. Training to give employees a multi skilled edge. Office TPM to ensure administrative efficiency as well. Safety, health and environmental awareness to ensure zero accidents, zero health damages and zero fires (Venkatesh. J). Describe a Case Study Where TPM has been successfully applied The case study which I wish to use is that of RHP Bearings. This RHP Bearings branch which is in Blackburn, manufactures cast iron bearing housings for a variety of uses from agricultural machinery to fairground rides, and is one of seven RHP manufacturing sites in Europe owned by Japanese group NSK, the worlds second largest bearings manufacturer. How TPM was carried out. NSK acquired RHP in 1990, when the Blackburn site was under the imminent threat of closure because of high costs and the subsequent lack of competitiveness. Employing a staff of 93, TPM was then introduced to the site in 1993 but it didnt see much success till 1996 due to the fact that the earlier efforts to drive TPM had been largely theoretical and the workforce faded to see its relevance to the everyday running of the plant. In 1996 a maintenance company was brought in to do a scoping study of the plant, conduct a workshop and support two pilot TPM projects. The Plant Manager and the TPM facilitator then began to implement measures to ensure TPM was made directly relevant to the jobs of the staff. Operators were sent off to climb over their machines and log problems through a detailed condition appraisal, to establish a foundation for future TPM improvements. TPM was piloted on two key machines, the PGM core making machine in the foundry and the Shiftnal sphering machine in the machine shop, using a detailed seven-step TPM implementation programme: Collection and calculation of Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE) Data Assessing the six losses Criticality assessment and condition appraisal Risk assessment Refurbishment plan Asset care and best practice routines Regular review for problem solving TPM is applied to machines of all ages from new to 30 years old, ensuring that older machinery is brought up to modern specification and newer machinery is kept in as-new condition. The TPM was applied at the site by 9 different equipment teams focusing on specific machinery and involving 60% of the workforce. These teams included operators, maintainers, quality technicians and group leaders also drawing on help from personnel with specialist skills when necessary. Each Team developed a standard routine for their respective machines using: Autonomous Maintenance System (AMS) boards which show a schematic of the machine then tags with labels to show losses affecting availability, performance and quality. These labels are then used to generate TPM agendas for team meetings. TPM step notices which illustrate the machines progress in TPM seven step programme. Mainpac database which is used to gather machine performance details and calculate the OEE. Key performance indicators which the teams use to accesses their improvement and progress in areas of waste sand, Gas emissions, Kaizen, Customer returns, lost time incidents, injurious accidents, Audit and product conformance. Each team then has an activity board covering subjects such as milestone activities and previous days conformance result among others. To ensure TPM succeeded, Teams had to dedicate substantial time to carrying out laid down activities and held meetings as needed. Benefits of TPM Implementing TPM had both direct and indirect effect on the production system a combination of which generated major savings at RHP, Blackburn. Major Site-wide benefits were scored in the following areas: à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬400,000 running costs saved Unit cost reduced by 21% Scrap reduced by 8% Attracting increased capital investment currently at 15% of turnover and Customer returns reduced by 11% Increased customer satisfaction Improved safety record Environmental and quality awards Improvement in staff morale The two key machines (The Shiftnal sphering and the PGM core making machine) also had major total cost saving OEE improvements as well as other time saving and cost reduction achievements making the TPM well worth it (Willmott and McCarthy). Reliability Centred Maintenance (RCM) As Applied in a Section of a Plant What is RCM? RCM is a method for developing and selecting maintenance alternatives based on safety, operational and economical criteria. RCM employs a system perspective in its analyses of system functions, failures of functions and prevention of these functions (Jones, R.B). So RCM requires in-depth of the machinery, detailing all logic problems and their maintenance solutions and as such can be quite time consuming, for this reason it is usually used only on the critical equipment. The use of RCM methodology requires that 7 questions be answered: What are the functions of the Asset? What are the functional failures? What causes the functional failures? What happens when the failure occurs? How much does each failure matter? Can we predict or prevent failure and should we be doing so? How should we manage the failure if prediction or prevention is not an option?(Paul Wheelhouse) Now in order to answer the above questions, a System analysis process is used to begin RCM on any section of the plant. This System process will implement several steps, all of which define and characterize RCM and will methodically delineate the information required for the maintenance: Step 1. System selection and Information collection: Taking decisions as to what level of the plant at which to do the RCM and also choosing this system or section based on criticality i.e. based on function and impact on plant and environment. Step 2. System Boundary Definition: This involves creating an accurate list of what is or is not part of the section so an accurate list of components can identified and to establish what comes in and what leaves the System(IN and OUT interfaces). This is necessary to ensure the accuracy of the Systems analysis process. Step 3. System description and functional Block diagram: This is used to identify and document the essential details of a system that are needed to perform the remaining steps in a thorough and technical fashion. The five separate items are developed in this step: System Description Functional Block Diagram IN/OUT interfaces System Component list Equipment history Step 4. System Functions and Functional failures: involves classifying each OUT interface of the system into its functions and identifying the failures which might hinder these functions. Step 5. Failure Mode and Effect analysis (FMEA): involves analyzing each component failure to discover which have the potential to disruption their function and then detailing what exactly these effects could be. This is done using functional failure-equipment matrix. Step 6. Logic (Decision) Tree Analysis (LTA): the failure modes which pass through effects analysis will now go through this process. The purpose of this step is to further prioritize the emphasis and resources that should be devoted to each failure mode on the basis that all Authority (TVA). TVA is a power production plant wholly owed by the US government and equipment, functions and failures are not the same. The LTA identifies the failure modes in 3 aspects: Safety Downtime Economics (Finance) Step 7. Task selection: In this step, applicable maintenance tasks which are most effective to combat the detailed failure modes are listed, at the same time decisions on whether to run-to-failure or design out

Burqas Should Not Be Banned

Religion and Society Article Assignment. Articles used – 3A and 3B. The Burqa. Sylvie Maclean. A Burqa is an article of clothing that is generally considered as a religious statement. The Burqa consists of full robes and a mesh veil over the eyes. There are other options of robes that can be worn including the Hijab and the Niqab, where the eyes remain uncovered. According to come interpretations of the Islamic sacred text – the Koran (Qur’an) – women must wear a full veil in order to be modest. Many Muslims wear the Burqa because it is symbolises and is a part of their spiritual journey, so they wear it by choice.While others wear the Burqa because they believe they have to, as it is one of the commandments of god to dress modestly. There are many Muslims who choose not to wear the Burqa at all. They may opt for a simple headscarf and normal clothing; they also can wear the Hijab or Niqab. But then again there are many Muslims who choose to dress in norma l clothes, therefore bringing no attention to their religion. Not wearing the headscarf or robes does not make a person any more religious, nor does wearing the Burqa make someone more religious than another Muslim who is not wearing any religious clothing at all.Just through reading articles A and B, we see that there is a lot of controversy involved in this topic, and something I would like to address is how we have the right to tell others how to dress when their clothing choice brings no harm upon us and is a completely individual and personal choice. Image Source: http://www. hopeitw. com/knowledge/abaya-niqab-burqachadordupatta-hijab/#sthash. OXN8dy8O. dpbs Image Source: http://www. hopeitw. com/knowledge/abaya-niqab-burqachadordupatta-hijab/#sthash. OXN8dy8O. dpbs Throughout article A ‘Why I’m proud to wear the Burqa’ we see examples of the controversies over the banning in France.The author – Oumkheyr – is a Muslim woman who wears the full B urqa by choice, and is being strongly threatened by the French Government where a ban of Burqas may soon be implemented. Oumkheyr says â€Å"I really believe that France is scared of Muslims, which is the motivation for this law, but people shouldn't generalize as not all Muslims are the same. Yes, some have done terrible things, but it is done in the name of man, never in the name of God. † But, although in the Koran there are verses that say some hateful things like â€Å"slay them wherever you catch them† (Quran 2:191), these quotes are taken completely out of context.The rest of that particular quote is as follows â€Å"fight in the cause of God those who fight you, but do not transgress limits; for God loves not transgressors. And slay them wherever you catch them, and turn them out from where they have turned you out; for tumult and oppression are worse than slaughter†¦ But if they cease, God is Oft-forgiving, Most Merciful†¦ If they cease, let there b e no hostility except to those who practice oppression† (2:190-193). The Koran gives messages of hope, faith and peace.It’s easy to take something out of context and quote it, but it means that what was originally being said loses all meaning. Linking back to the Burqa ban, maybe the French government would stop being so scared of muslims if someone actually bothered to read the full quote. Oumkheyr makes some very strong points in her article, that everyone should take into consideration when deciding their personal opinion of the Burqa ban proposal. The second article, ‘The Burqa is a war on women’ addresses the reasoning for a ban. The author – Virginia Haussegger – has successfully outlined the views of many non-muslims.Within the first two lines Ms Haussegger has already accused the Burqa of subjectifying women, and stated that the reason for wearing the Burqa is what ‘God Demands’. What the author doesn’t seem to real ise is that for the majority of muslims, wearing the Burqa is a personal choice, and most say they don’t think it is a ‘demand’ as such, but more of a way to become more in touch with god and the rest of their religion. Some Islamic tectsstate that women should dress modestly, but wearing the Burqa is the individuals’ decision, and it reflects on the individuals’ values and beliefs about the word ‘modesty’.This article brings up many points about equality. Saying that while ‘men roam free while women wear a sackcloth that dehumanises them. Although it is true that Muslim men do not walk around shrouded head to toe, this is for a reason that Haussegger seems to have forgotten: women’s bodies are constantly being subjectified and having their bodies sexualized, and men are not. Although this is not necersarily the ‘politically correct’ thing to say, it is the truth, and wearing the Burqa is a way for this to stop .The author does have some very valid points on the subject of actual legitimacy of the commandment about the Burqa, but even if the Koran does not state ‘Women must cover their face and bodies to hide from public view’, the Burqa, Hijab, and Niqab are just clothes. By reading these articles it is clear to see that both authors are fighting for the rights of Muslim women. Although Virginia Haussegger clearly believes that by wearing the Burqa women are being further objectified, both authors agree that what we wear is our choice and no one elses.Muslims live by their holy text and if the individual interprets its commandments to believe that to be a good muslim you must wear the burqa, then that it their choice, and freedom of choice is a human right that we should all have. What Haussegger sadly doesn’t appear to understand is that no matter how a Muslim chooses to dress, their beliefs are the same and they are living by the same god, so banning one article of c lothing cannot change how the individual will behave.My opinion on the Burqa is that although the outfit may be somewhat demeaning, it is a personal choice that I will never fully understand. Now that I have done further research into the topic I understand the choices and decisions that are made when the Burqa is concerned, and I am definitely more open to other people’s opinions. I think it is completely unreasonable for non-muslims to call a ban on the Burqa as it is a human right that we are free to express ourselves however we see fit, and if this is how some Muslims choose to express their religion, then good for them.Form| Title| URL| Date accessed| Article| Should Burqas Be Banned? | http://middleeast. about. com/u/ua/religionsectarianism/burqa-hijab-ban. htm| 14/03/2013| Book| Islam beliefs and teachings| Written by Ghulam Sarwar| 20/03/2013| Article| We too should ban the Burqa| http://www. telegraph. co. uk/comment/columnists/allison-pearson/8449101/We-too-should-b an-the-burka. html| 23/03/2013| Article| Europe must not ban the burka| http://www. guardian. co. uk/commentisfree/2010/mar/08/europe-ban-burqa-veil|

The Spread of the Plague - 1671 Words

The word plague means a dangerous disease that quickly spreads and causes death. Alexander Yersin identified the cause of the bubonic plague. He discovered that the disease was being caused by a deadly bacterium which he named after himself, Yersinia pestis. Yersin worked with a scientist named Pasteur in France to develop a treatment to fight the plague. Yersin was the first to suggest that rats and fleas were the main cause for the spreading of the plague. Symptoms of the plague emerge after one to seven days which include fever, swelling in the regional lymph nodes in the groin, armpit, or neck. In most cases the bacterium spread to the bloodstream and central nervous system resulting in death 100 percent of the time. There are actually three types of plague; the most common was the bubonic plague. â€Å"The disease in humans has three clinical forms: bubonic pneumonic and septicemia. The Bubonic plague is the best known form in popular lore, and indeed it constitutes about three -fourths of plague cases† (Encyclopedia Britannica 3). The bubonic plague is the blame for causing the Black Death of the fourteenth century. The symptoms of the bubonic plague strike rapidly within two to five days of being bitten by a flea or rat. The first stage of symptoms includes; fever, chills, severe headache, sore throat, and muscle aches. The second stage of symptoms include; vomiting, diarrhea, seizures, and respiratory failure. The bacterium travel to the immune system and began to break itShow MoreRelatedLike The Spread Of A Zombie Plague, The Modern Technology1137 Words   |  5 PagesLike the spread of a zombie plague, the modern technology obsession is rapidly infecting the public. Our attachment to new technology and new digital media is a self-perpetuating problem which breeds conformity, loss of autonomy, and repetitive patterns of consumerism. This trend creates the fear that we will become increasingly dependent on digital media and technology, becoming a mindless horde which only exists to consume. Furthermore, increased access to media through technology increases eachRead MoreThe Black Death And The Plague Outbreak1331 Words   |  6 Pagesoutbreaks in history was the plague outbreak which peaked in 1346 to 1353, in Europe, commonly known as the Black Death. This plague outbreak was extremely deadly and killed 30-60% of the European population at the time of the outbreak. The outbreak is commonly believed to have been caused by the bubonic plague, but modern evidence suggests that the Black Death was caused by pneumonic plague, a much more contagious and deadly infection. The Black Death was the second major plague outbreak in history, theRead MoreThe London Plague Of 1348 And 16651692 Words   |  7 PagesThe London Plagues of 1348 and 1665 The London Plagues refers to two periods of disease outbreak in England. One plague, the Black Death, began in 1348. Another plague, the Great Plague, began in 1665. Both of these outbreaks killed a substantial amount of the population at the time. The plague exists in two forms: bubonic and pneumonic. A bubonic plague is spread by flea bites and results in painful sores on the body. A pneumonic form of the plague is airborne and spread by coughing and sneezingRead MoreThe Black Death : Introduction1565 Words   |  7 PagesThe Black Death was a plague that originated in China in 1334 (Chase). The plague eventually spread through trade routes where it found its way into Europe. When it reached Europe it spread like wildfire and ended up killing approximately sixty percent of the population there. With the amount of havoc and people dieing it led to great change all throughout Europe. This could be both a positive and negative for the future to come. When lots of people d ied from the plague it allowed for many jobsRead MoreBubonic Plague1154 Words   |  5 PagesBubonic plague is believed to have brought the Byzantine empire to its knees in the 6th century. This is the first ever documented record of bubonic plague in human history. But the fact that bubonic plague continues to afflict human population even today is a matter of concern. Your bubonic plague research paper would revolve around the premise of it being a deadly disease, but we assure you that we won’t scare you by the facts. Bubonic plague is typically differentiated from other infections becauseRead MoreThe Plague Of The Black Plague1261 Words   |  6 PagesThe Black Plague is a disease that spread around the world and killed many people. There are three different types of the plague; Bubonic, Septicemic, and Pneumonic (Dugdale). The Black Plague effected Europe greatly and effected there way of life. It came to Europe around the 1300s and had a great impact on society in the 1500s (History). Important parts of the black plague are the different types of the plague, how they spread, treatments for them, and effects the plague had on Europe in the 1500sRead MoreBubonic Plague Research Paper1709 Words   |  7 PagesBubonic plague is an infectious disease that is spread by the bacteria Yersinia pestis. These bacteria remain in a dormant state primarily in a rat flea’s foregut. Once the flea has bitten a victim it regurgitates the contents in its foregut into the bite location. Once the bacterium has entered into a mammal’s warm body it begins to reproduce and spread throughout the mammal’s body. The reproduction of this bacterium creates large painful swollen lymph nodes which are called buboes. Once these buboesRead MoreBlack Death : The Black Plague768 Words   |  4 PagesThe Black Plague is known as the most fatal disease in the worlds history! The disease killed nearly one-third of Europe’s population in the fourteenth c entury. The Black Plague is also known as the Black Death and was transmitted to humans by rodents such as rats and spread due to extremely unsanitary living conditions. European cities such as Paris and London were most devastatingly affected by the Black Plague The Black Plague is transmitted from fleas to rodents such as rats or mice to humansRead More Review of The Black Death Essay854 Words   |  4 Pagesdiscusses the causes and results of the plague that devastated medieval Europe. It focuses on the many effects it had on the culture of medieval Europe and the possibility that it expedited cultural change. I found that Robert S. Gottfried had two main theses in the book. He argued that rodent and insect life cycles, as well as the changing of weather systems affect plague. He claimed that the devastation plague causes is partly due to its perpetual recurrences. Plague ravaged Europe in cycles, devastatedRead MoreThe Epidemic Of The Bubonic Plague1226 Words   |  5 PagesEpidemiology The prevalence of disease in the thirteenth century was very common in Europe,and Africa, later on spread to parts of Asia. Currently the bubonic is not that common but is still infecting a small portion of the earth. The Bubonic Plague is an infectious disease caused by the bacteria Yersinia Pestis, a zoonotic bacteria, usually found in small animals and their fleas. It is transmitted between animals and humans by the bite of infected fleas, direct contact, inhalation and rarely, ingestion